Model of Predicting the Rating of Bridge Conditions in Indonesia with Regression and K-Fold Cross Validation

Maintenance and repair of the bridge are inevitable in the operation of a bridge to maintain its condition to keep the operation. Indonesia has hundreds of thousands of bridges that are still actively in use. The classic problem with infrastructure management, such as bridges, is that large numbers are generally not balanced with adequate bridge maintenance budgets. Therefore, the strategy of implementing maintenance and repair by preparing priorities becomes the only logical approach. To get a priority scale, a scoring mechanism is needed. The assessment used by the Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing (PUPR) especially the Bina Marga field is based on the bridge management and maintenance system, namely Bridge Management System (BMS) 1993. With BMS 1993, the condition of the bridge is represented by the Condition Value (NK) of the bridge. This study is based on existing NK, prediction of NK value in the future. The predicted model developed is with regression models. Regression models are combined with k-fold cross-validation to improve the accuracy rate of the model. The developed model produces regression models for all variables of condition values with a low error percentage that is in the range of MAPE = 10% and RMSE 0.15. Further significance tests with ANOVA are also conducted to test the effect of independent variables on dependent variables, including testing on fit models to show the resulting model does not overfit and/or underfitting

Transportation Capital Programming in Massachusetts

Recommends implementing an explicit, policy-driven framework and criteria for prioritizing transportation capital spending at the Massachusetts Highway Department and the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority. Outlines benchmarks and key elements

Asset Management of Existing Concrete Bridges Using Digital Twins and BIM: a State-of-the-Art Literature Review

The need to optimize investments in bridge maintenance has created a demand for improved bridge management systems (BMS). Outdated practices in bridge inspection and constant advances in information technology have also contributed to this demand. The use of Digital Twins (DT), although well established in other industries, is still incipient for asset management and structural analysis of bridges. There is a great deal of research on Building Information Modelling (BIM) for bridge inspection, but its post-construction potential is still under-explored. This study presents a state-of-the-art review of the literature on asset management for bridges using digital models such as BIM and digital twins. The review was conducting using a systematic approach. Despite the rapid increase in research on DT and the amount of existing research on BIM, several gaps remain to be addressed, such as the lack of consensus about the definition of digital twins, which has led to wrongful categorisation of digital models as DT. The complex data flow and software compatibility required to develop a functional DT have hindered the exploitation of their full potential so far. The integration of BIM post-construction to BMS and existing automation technologies can also significantly improve current practices of bridge management.Asset Management of Existing Concrete Bridges Using Digital Twins and BIM: a State-of-the-Art Literature ReviewpublishedVersio

Flood Disaster Resilient Bridge Structures For Sustainable Bridge Management Systems

Extreme weather events are occurring at an increasing ferocity and frequency. Floods are the most comand damaging natural disaster. More than 4,400 occurrences of flood disasters have been reported globally between 1900 and 2016. As a result, around seven million people were killed and millions more were displaced. Climate impacts are expected to intensify weather related flooding events, and sea level rise expected worldwide will increase the risk of coastal disasters. Transportation infrastructure, vital to the economy and society of every country, is especially prone to the inland and coastal floods. Bridge structures are under the constant threat of these natural disasters. Superstructures can be washed away due to lateral forces generated by floodwater. Floodwater can also accelerate scouring around bridge piers, which often contributes to bridge failures. This research used the results of an extreme flood simulation conducted by the Center for Advanced Infrastructure Technology at the University of Mississippi. A flood inundation model was implemented for an extreme flood scenario at a floodplain site of Little Tallahatchie River in Northern Mississippi that featured surface transportation corridor sites and other infrastructure assets. Geospatial analysis of flood inundation mapping and simulation results shothat total flood inundation covered an area of 22.46 sq mi2 (58.16 sq km2) in the floodplain, where maximum floodwater depth reached up to 34.19 ft (10.42 m) within the inundation area. The results of the extreme flood simulation were used for assessing structural integrity of a bridge structure subject to lateral floodwater forces, with primary focus on the superstructure. A Three Dimensional-Finite Element model of US-51 Highway bridge, located in the floodplain site, was developed for flood impact analysis considering bridge girder-deck superstructure, bearings, pile caps and piers. The numerical results of finite element simulation shothat the bridge superstructure displaced 2.42 m under the lateral hydrodynamic force of floodwater. The dowel bars inserted at the bottom of each girder end through bearing to the top end of pile cap, failed in shear against lateral floodwater forces. This would lead to the failure of US-51 Highway bridge superstructure if an extreme flood event occurs in real life. A framework for structural integrity assessment of bridge structures is presented with Flood Resiliency Index. Recommendations for design enhancements and hardening of bridges are discussed for flood disaster resilience. An enhanced geospatial decision support system is recommended considering “vertical underclearance” criteria for bridge superstructure height above the channel and “flood probability” related to flood occurrence in 10, 50, 100, 500 and 1,000 years. These flood resilience parameters are missing from the traditional bridge management system (BMS) framework. Enhancing the current practice of BMS is proposed using optimization based prioritization of flood disaster vulnerable bridges, which considers vertical underclearance criteria, flood disaster risk probability and life cycle cost analysis. For this purpose, a Flood Vulnerability Rating (FVR) is proposed on a scale of 1 (catastrophic risk) to 6 (very low risk). The FVR scale was used for a case study of 270 bridges on major rivers in the state of Mississippi, which were analyzed using an optimization objective function to maximize benefits considering reconstruction/hardening costs and indirect benefits (cost avoidance from traffic disruption and economic loss related to bridge failure). Based on the present-worth life cycle analysis, total life cycle costs for the agency’s pre-planned bridge hardening for flood resilience was 59.3% less than the case of no hardening of the same bridge. This dissertation advances flood risk assessment and resilience management methodologies for transportation infrastructure in the United States and across the globe

A Modular Multi-level Converter for Energy Management of Hybrid Energy-Storage Systems in Electric Vehicles

Electric vehicles (EVs) are substantial applications of clean energy. Their effectiveness for mainstream transportation is predicated on the efficient use of stored energy within the vehicles’ power pack. Among rechargeable storage solutions, lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery cells have high energy density making them suitable to supply the EVs’ average power. However, the peak power requirements of the vehicles exert stress on the Li-ion cells due to their low pulsating power capabilities. Ultracapacitors can be used instead as the power-pulsating storage elements given their superior power density. Incorporating the two cell types for energy storage signifies a hybrid configuration that leads to challenging tasks in managing the energy between cells due to varying cell dynamics. Therefore, this study investigated the design of an end-to-end hybrid energy-storage and management system. The limitations of existing power electronics and control schemes were identified based on comparative analysis, both on a cell level and on a system level. Subsequently, an energy system was developed that utilized modular multi-level converters to manage the energy between the different cell types. The formulated control strategy accounted for various power modes and added immense flexibility in charge sharing through diverse switching states. Furthermore, the proposed configuration eliminated the conventional need for a system level drive inverter feeding the EV motor. Electro-mechanical modeling results and physical design merits verified the proposed configuration’s effectiveness in improving EV efficiency

BIM and GIS applications in bridge projects : a critical review

In recent years, interest in BIM and GIS applications in civil engineering has been growing. For bridge engineering, BIM/GIS applications such as simulation, visualization, and secondary development have been used to assist practitioners in managing bridge construction and decision-making, including selection of bridge location maintenance decisions. In situ 3D modelling of existing bridges with detailed images from UAV camera has allowed engineers to conduct remote condition assessments of bridges and decide on required maintenance actions. Several studies have investigated the applications of BIM/GIS technology on bridge projects. However, there has been limited focus on reviewing the outcomes of these studies to identify the limitations of BIM and GIS applications on bridge projects. Therefore, the aim of this study was to review the research on BIM/GIS technology applications in bridge projects over the last decade. Using a systematic review process, a total of 90 publications that met the inclusion criteria were reviewed in this study. The review identified the state-of-the-art methods of BIM and GIS applications, respectively, at the planning and design, construction, and operation and maintenance phases of bridge projects. However, the findings point to segregated application of BIM and GIS at all phases of bridge projects. The findings of this study will contribute to guiding practitioners in selecting appropriate BIM and GIS technologies for different aspects of bridge projects

Communications concerns for reused electric vehicle batteries in smart grids

© 2016 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other worksElectric vehicles use 10 to 25 kWh batteries. After their use in cars, these batteries are still in good condition to be used for energy storage in stationary applications and smart grid systems at all stages: generation, transmission, and distribution. However, before their reuse, there are some changes to be made on these batteries, such as those concerning communications. Electric vehicle batteries use a battery management system that controls functionality and safety, transmitting their condition and status, but also containing confidential information. This article studies two strategies to deal with communications difficulties in their second life as storage energy devices.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft